Unable to pay their debts, a family is sent to an 1841 poorhouse in England
"enforcing discipline" on family members
"one of the poor men"
1) "Daily Diet: 6 ounces of bread with 3 pints of oatmeal/potato gruel" 2) "The Master"
"The poor man's convoy", human bodies from the poor house were sent to medical students
for dissection
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an 1844 article about Glasgow tenements describes foul air and fluids
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"Excursion In The Paris Sewers" 'Slumming' was the 1800s wealthy activityof visiting impoverished or unusual areas out of curiosity or for amusement
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tourism in the 1870 Paris sewers see full size
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1861 London 'mud-larks' ... in summer and winter children and adults crawled through low-tide mud looking for small pieces of coal, wood, or trash
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"The House of Commons" an 1861 cartoon about social class
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"Magical Patching-Plate" an 1880 repair kit for frying pans
see full size
see full size
1886 boys see full size
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1890, the least expensive overnight beds
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some 1800s New York tenement buildings had no waste drainage
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"What a Search of the Lodgers brought forth"
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1800s New York
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1800s New York tenement building designs
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"Dens of Death" 1902
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a 1904 article about London tenements describes violence, dirt, noise, quarrels, and drunkenness
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a photograph of a 1909 USA tenement showing an improvised Christmas tree
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a 1912 Lewis Hine photograph see full size
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from 1924 Brazil childrens book